I deleted my phone to report a claim for repairs...recovery possible?

To be able to submit my claim to get my screen fixed, I needed to delete my phone and remove it from "Find My"

Since this was extremely upfront, I figured it was something that is automated to be able to get everything back. ::Maybe:: that's true, I don't know. 

My phone was immediately rendered useless and my claim hasn't even been approved yet. My livelihood depends on my ability to use my phone. I tried to get everything back on the phone while I wait to hear about taking it in to get fixed, and then clearing it again to take it in to the shop (I assume that's why this is even a thing -- to make sure people don't get into my information when I leave it to get fixed?), but it looks like that's not possible. When trying to get everything back and restore my phone's functionality, I have to go through the steps like a brand new phone. I can't find anywhere that will restore the data that I deleted today.

Did I need to backup my phone before deleting it? If so, why would it not be mentioned whatsoever that that's an important step to take?

The ONLY fragment of hope that I have that this will turn out okay in the end is this screenshot that says "Will be Removed on Jan 2, 2025"... which suggests that it still exists somewhere, and I can get it back, right? I haven't seen a hint of how to do that in the phone setup steps, but .... can, right?

I'm too "afraid" to go through all the steps because there are multiple ways to set up my phone and I'm not sure what "I'm committing to" by choosing one versus another.

Can anyone help sooth my worries? ...Which includes letting me know that I'm screwed. The most stressful place to be is not knowing.

Gracias.